The Research Of The Motivation Factors Of Personnel In Russian Companies

Abstract

The research of the current state of personnel motivation and demotivation factors in Russia is conducted in the article. It is based on the survey of 3600 respondents engaged in different branches and living in different cities. The goal is to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the behaviour of the employees and job satisfaction. It is proposed to divide all the factors into two groups: material and non-material factors. Questions and answer options are formulated for questioning respondents on their motivation and demotivation. The most significant monetary benefits and moral incentives that increase the efficiency of employees’ labour are identified. Among the material factors, the first place is traditionally given to a sufficient monetary reward and bonuses for achieving goals. Among the non-material factors, the possibility of professional development and the acquiring of new skills are noted. Negative factors discouraging career growth and making professionals leave the company are identified. The growing role of the leader’s personality is emphasized. At the same time, employees appreciate the opportunity to make a personal contribution to important decisions making as well as personalized approach. The issues of loyalty of the personnel to the chief and the company in general and the attitude to overtime work and extra work are investigated. The increase in the need for maintaining a balance between work and personal life is revealed. The data obtained identify the key stress factors that lead to professional burnout syndrome. Stress-preventive methods and measures are considered.

Keywords: Motivationfactorspersonnelinfluenceeffectivenessorganization

Introduction

The relevance of the study of modern mechanisms of personnel motivation is stipulated by the increasing role of human resources in conditions of digital transformation of the market environment. The purpose of motivation is an economic function aimed at maximizing the financial activities of the organization, increasing profits by increasing the level of labour productivity of the staff and the quality of services and products (Sviridova, Kablashova, Shkarupeta, & Khmeleva, 2019).

It is important to understand why some employees perform their functions with pleasure, do additional tasks willingly and take initiative in making decisions while the other are reluctant to work. It is important to understand the motives of the employee and to develop appropriate methods to stimulate his labour activity.

In modern business the interest is growing to the intellectualization of labour, the development of personal consciousness and effectiveness of labour contribution. The importance of non-material needs is growing, too. The aspirations of employees to develop their own innovative resources are being actualized.

Monetary incentives include salaries, quarterly and annual bonuses and bonus options (Afanasyeva, Trubnikova, Postnikova, & Khalitova, 2019). Non-monetary incentives include trips to health resorts, corporate health resorts, as well as compensation of transport costs. Social incentives include the prestige of the position, company rating, career prospects and career opportunities (Dunaev & Nagornov, 2017).

Moral incentives include the degree of respect of the colleagues and people in general, public awards for professional achievements, portraits on the boards of honour, corporate publications and calendars with photographs and images of the best employees of the organization.

Creative incentives include the prospects of self-development and self-realization, the possibility of corporate development and training, the possibility of an internship in a successful company, the prospects of well-paid business trips Creative incentives include the prospects of self-improvement and self-realization, the possibility of corporate development and training, the possibility of an internship in a successful company, the prospects of well-paid and interesting business trips from a professional point of view (Parakhina & Ustaev, 2018).

Problem Statement

Personnel is becoming the key resource of the organization (Sobolev & Chubarova, 2017). For successful functioning of a modern organization, an effective motivational system is needed that increases the efficiency of work taking into account interests and potential development as well as the correct ratio of incentives and needs.

The employee and the employer differently evaluate the importance of motivational factors in different ways. As a result, conflict of opinions leads to the situation when key employees leave the company, labour productivity reduces and conflicts and stress in the team arise.

It is important to find the factors except monetary interests that will help to reveal the employees’ potential and create a healthy, productive work environment. This research is aimed at identifying material and non-material factors of motivation and demotivation of personnel in Russian companies.

Research Questions

The basis of the research is the division of factors into two groups. The first group consists of the factors motivating the employees for high results, for the company loyalty and the desire to develop professionally in their company. The second group consists of the factors demotivating the employees, reducing their satisfaction and making them want to leave their organization.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study was to identify motivation factors that affect the employee’s performance, loyalty to the company as well as the desire to develop professional competencies and make a career. At the same time, the reasons were analyzed that lower the level of satisfaction with work in the company, provoke stresses and conflicts and cause the desire to leave the company.

Research Methods

The research of the importance of motivation factors for the employees was being conducted from February to March 2018 in Russia by the company Hays (Hays, 2019). Online survey was used as the method of collecting information. 3600 respondents took part in this survey: 486 employers and 3114 employees of various companies. 47% of the respondents were men and 53% - women. The majority of the respondents was represented by people from 29 to 39 years old (58%), young people from 18 to 28 years old accounted for 22%, older employees from 40 years or more accounted for 20%. The majority of the respondents work and live in Moscow or Moscow Region (67%), the representatives of Saint-Petersburg accounted for 10%. Among the respondents there were the representatives of the Central Federal District – 6%, the Volga Federal District – 5%, the Siberia Federal District– 3%, the Urals Federal District – 4%, the North-West Federal Region – 2%, the Crimea – 4% and the Far East Federal Region – 2%. The research was conducted in the companies where the total number of employees was 100 to 1000 people. 55% of the companies were international ones and 45% were Russian ones. The respondents had a work experience from 1 year to more than 10 years. They occupied positions from trainee to the owner of business. There were the managers of international and Russian companies from pharmaceutical, information, financial, construction, industrial, automotive and chemical industries. The respondents were engaged in IT, sales, marketing, advertising, finance and accounting, personnel management, purchasing, logistics, jurisprudence, designing, construction, quality service, extraction and processing of raw materials, distribution and real estate management. The goal of the survey was to reveal the opinions of the respondents on material and non-material motivation and demotivation factors for the work of the employees in Russian companies.

Findings

A motivated and satisfied employee is an effective employee that contributes to the success of the company (Konovalova, Laas, Svistunov, & Starun, 2019). In this context, the level of conformity of expected and proposed benefits is of particular importance for the competitiveness and prosperity of a business. The research focuses on traditional factors of personnel motivation and demotivation.

Conclusion

The research shows that moral and material incentives must be combined because of their mutual influence on the staff. Employees value trust (Narimanova & Narimanov, 2019). It is important not to give instructions threatening the employees with punishment but to see a business partner in the subordinate, ask him/her for advice and listen to the employee’s suggestions. The relationships based on trust provide a favorable climate. The assessment of labour contribution should be as objective as possible. It is important to inform the personnel about the criteria on the basis of which salary calculations are made as well as about the bonus. The main material and non-material factors that positively affect the employees of the Russian companies are revealed: salary, bonuses, chief’s personality, flexible work schedule and a balance between work and personal life. The factors that negatively affect the work of employees are revealed. The information obtained will help to build an effective motivation system that will expand the opportunities for interaction and mutual understanding between the employees and the employers.

Acknowledgments

The authors of the article are grateful to the international recruiting company Hays for the provision of the results of the research in the field of motivational policy in Russia.

References

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