| Party Type |
Characterization of Democracy Models |
| Elitist |
Lack of mass membership. The problem of internal party democracy is not raised. Patronage-client relationship between party members and its supporters. |
| Mass |
Party members are formally endowed with the right to control the leadership and the right to determine the political course, the party leadership is legitimized by-elections from below. Clearly defined mutual obligations between elites and the masses. |
| All-encompassing |
Weakening of mutual obligations of leaders and rank-and-file members. Strengthening the influence of the former and decreasing the role of the latter. |
| Cartel |
Strengthening the role of the parliamentary-government part of the party. Weakening the influence of the central leadership. The growth of elements of participatory democracy. Coexistence of several autonomous levels of party government (stratarchy). |
| Cyberpathy |
Replacement of the institution of formal membership with the institution of volunteering. Strengthening direct ties with voters. The growth of elements of direct democracy. Network communication channels. |
