Societal Transformation In The Era Of Implementation Of National Projects

Abstract

The article analyzes the main results of the implementation of national projects of the Russian Federation and their impact on the real life of Russian society. The authors examine in detail the main changes that have occurred in society over the past year as a result of the implementation of such national projects as "Education", "Healthcare", "Culture" and "Demography". Thus, health care, education and cultural institutions are provided with financial support. Moreover, digitalization of the processes of teaching children, receiving medical care and medical services is being carried out, opportunities for researching cultural and artistic monuments are expanding, the infrastructure of organizations is actively developing; not only children and their parents receive invaluable support but also talented youth and honored art workers, pensioners and disabled people, as well as other vulnerable segments of the population of the Russian Federation. An analysis of the data of an empirical study aimed at studying the impact of the results of the implementation of national projects (hereinafter – NP) on the quality and standard of living of citizens of the Russian Federation. It is carried out in three areas: the degree of citizens' awareness of the NP, an assessment of the results obtained from the NP implementation, and the identification of priority areas.

Keywords: national project, societal tranformation, quality of life, digitalization

Introduction

Currently, in the context of globalization of political, economic threats, it is necessary to ensure the social sphere through the implementation of national projects in various spheres of society. The impact of the results obtained on the real life of people is quite relevant, and arouses interest both among scientists and from society as a whole.

Based on international experience, the national project (hereinafter referred to as NP) is a state program, thanks to which issues of national importance are resolved. They are associated with space exploration, the development of nuclear energy, health care and education systems. In addition, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) has recently acquired particular importance and become relevant.

Problem Statement

In practice, NP began to work at full force in 2020. The results of it immediately followed, which were reflected not only in quantitative indicators, but also influenced the reality around us. The ambiguity of these results should be noted, as well as the emerging problems and difficulties encountered by the citizens of the Russian Federation when participating in the NP.

Research Questions

The research questions are the following:

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the article is to analyze and empirically study the impact of the results of the implementation of national projects of the Russian Federation on the real life of Russian society.

Research Methods

In this study, the following methods were used: theoretical - analysis of the literature on the research problem, analysis and generalization of the results of empirical research; empirical - online survey using Google forms, statistical processing of survey data.

Findings

It is necessary to consider in detail the main changes that have occurred in society over the past year as a result of the implementation of such national projects "Education", "Healthcare", "Culture" and "Demography".

Let us start with the analysis of the results of the NP "Education". Its main goal is the democratization of education, that is, ensuring equal access to education for all children. To achieve this goal, not only modern educational institutions are being built in our country, which are already provided with modern equipment, but the existing ones are also being repaired and modernized (Ivanov & Buchwald, 2019, par. 9, p. 40). Centers of digital and humanitarian profile "Growth Point" are opening in rural schools (Bednyakov & Mierin, 2019, par. 5, p. 24).

If we talk about quantitative indicators, then over the past year, just over 160 general education schools were opened, which are designed for 102,000 students. High-speed Internet was connected in 15,500 educational institutions, and almost 8,000 were equipped with modern equipment (Markelov, 2020).

It should be noted the importance of opening in 2020 such centers as "DNA" ("House of Scientific Collaboration"). In these centers (and there are about 30 of them open), students have the opportunity to participate in real scientific research and work with real scientists. Currently, these centers employ about 38,000 people, more than double the number expected (Turkin, 2020).

The opening of the “Sirius” educational center for gifted children should be noted. This center is open all year round, and for children, the stay and travel to this center is absolutely free. In this center, children have the opportunity to participate in career guidance work, which helps to determine their future profession, to reveal their talents in many areas - in art, sports, natural sciences or technology. On the basis of the Sirius center, regional centers also carry out their activities, which also help to identify and develop talents in children in the regions. At the moment, there are already 50 of them, and by 2024 it is planned to open such centers in all regions of our country. According to the indicators for 2020, about 400,000 children have already been trained in them, which exceeds the planned indicators by 33% (Markelov, 2020).

"Education" also carries out an important mission - it is to support families with children. Speaking about specific indicators, in 2020, thanks to this national project, more than 2,000,000 parents received psychological, pedagogical, methodological and advisory assistance. Currently, more than 160 such centers have been opened throughout the country (Markelov, 2020).

Thus, within the framework of the NP "Education", not only financial support is provided to educational institutions of our country, but also the digitalization of the process of teaching and upbringing of children is being carried out. There is a wide range of opportunities for obtaining not only general, but also additional education, as well as for families with psychological, pedagogical and methodical assistance.

In addition, one of the main national projects is “Healthcare”. Its purpose is to increase the availability of medical care and the quality of medical services.

In 2020, the healthcare system gradually began to introduce "lean technologies", which are aimed at increasing the efficiency of all internal processes that take place in the healthcare system, as well as increasing the level of patient satisfaction with the provision of medical services and the availability of medical care. More than 5,000 polyclinics took part in this NP. One of the important achievements is the reduction by more than three times the waiting time for patients at the reception and at the doctor's office. The time of contact between a doctor and a patient has also approximately doubled. These results were achieved thanks to the optimization of patient logistics, as well as the organization of a convenient clinical examination procedure, which currently can be completed in just one or two visits to a medical institution, although previously this procedure required at least five visits.

In many regions, mobile medical complexes appeared and began to operate. Thus, more than 350 feldsher-obstetric points and outpatient clinics were built. The opening of 75 helipads for air ambulance is also important (Azhluni & Sharygina, 2019, par. 4, p. 73). These innovations helped to qualitatively improve the system of support and treatment of cancer patients, due to the reduction of the examination time and the provision of comfortable conditions for patients and the provision of the assistance they need at the place of residence. In terms of numbers, within the framework of this project, medical care for cancer patients began to be provided in 67 regions, where more than 200 outpatient cancer care centers were opened (Azhluni & Borzova, 2019, par. 2, p. 132).

Over the past year, more than 120 vascular centers, 280 primary vascular departments were included in the program for equipping with medical equipment, which began their work in many regions of the Russian Federation (Markelov, 2020).

One of the key areas within the framework of this NP is to reduce the level of infant mortality. This national program over the past year has helped to reduce this figure by just over 8% compared to the previous year.

It is worth noting that the number of remote applications for the provision of healthcare services has changed in a positive direction, approximately 14,000,000 citizens have used the My Health service through the GosUslugi portal (Animtsa et al., 2020, par. 7, p. 19).

Thus, one cannot fail to note the digitalization of the procedure for obtaining medical care and medical services (Busygin, 2020). This greatly simplified the procedure for contacting medical institutions - the waiting time for a doctor's appointment was reduced, the procedure for making an appointment was simplified, and patients also had the opportunity to receive a prescription for medicines in electronic form.

Further, we would like to dwell in more detail on the changes that have occurred in society over the past year as a result of the implementation of NP "Culture". Its main goal is to increase the accessibility of culture for every citizen who lives not only in cities with a population of one million, but also in the most remote corners of our country.

The implementation of NP "Culture" began about two years ago (Dynnik, 2018, par. 5, p. 12), but we are already seeing significant changes in the infrastructure of cultural institutions. Thanks to this program, artists and talented youth received support.

Analyzing quantitative indicators, it should be noted that 144 cultural centers were opened in the regions of our country last year (the target is 108 cultural centers) (Markelov, 2020).

More than 300 organizations of additional education (various art schools and musical colleges) in 39 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were provided with musical instruments and various educational materials.

It is also becoming more and more accessible to study culture using digital resources. It is impossible not to note the significant results that we have received after the introduction of modern technologies in the libraries of our country. Thus, in 66 regions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 172 model libraries appeared (against 110 planned). Over the past year, more than 17 million people have used the services of these libraries.

It should also be noted that the demand for the National Electronic Library has increased. The use of its resources over the past year has grown more than 10 times. Not unimportant is the fact that its fund currently contains more than 5,000,000 publications, and over the last year more than 16 million hits were registered to its resources. It should also be noted that in the leading libraries of our country, within the framework of this project, more than 8000 book monuments were digitized, which are now available on the portal of the National Electronic Library.

Summing up the above, it should be noted that thanks to the implementation of this NP, the possibilities of researching cultural and artistic monuments are expanding, the infrastructure of cultural institutions is actively developing; talented young people and honored artists are receiving invaluable support.

Also, one cannot ignore the results of the NP "Demography", which qualitatively improved the life of the citizens of the Russian Federation. The main purpose of which is to increase life expectancy, as well as support the family. Also, special attention is paid to families with children, as well as those families who are just planning to have children (Russell, 2019, par. 9, p. 19).

From January 1, 2020, families where the first child was born can receive maternity capital, and from April 15, 2020, the certificate can be issued remotely through the personal account of the Gosuslugi portal or on the website of the Pension Fund of Russia.

Since 2021, the amount of maternity capital for the birth of the first child is 483,881.83 rubles. For the birth of a second child (if the family did not receive maternity capital for the first child), the family can receive payments in the amount of 639,431.83 rubles. If the family has already received maternity capital for the first child, then the additional payment for the second child will be 155,550 rubles. Also, within the framework of this project, support is provided to low-income families.

It is also important to note that support is provided to infertile couples - they are given the opportunity to undergo an in vitro fertilization procedure, which can be paid for from the compulsory health insurance program, that is, this medical service can be obtained free of charge under the compulsory medical insurance policy as prescribed by the attending physician.

The state also provides assistance to families in buying a home. Thus, the "Family Mortgage" program provides families with a mortgage loan of up to 6% per annum for the entire period of debt repayment. These benefits are provided to families where a second or subsequent child was born or adopted from January 1, 2018. Also, such an opportunity is provided to citizens who are raising a disabled child who was born no earlier than 2018 (Vdovin & Venglinsky, 2020, par. 7, p. 80). The size of the down payment has also decreased to 15% (versus 20%).

Speaking about persons of pre-retirement age, this NP provides them with the opportunity for vocational training and receiving additional vocational education. Participation in it became possible for all citizens aged 50 and over, as well as for all citizens of pre-retirement age who are going to retire early.

Within the framework of this topic, we analyzed the impact of the implementation of national projects on the quality and standard of living of citizens of the Russian Federation in such cities as: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Saransk, Kazan, Volgograd. The empirical study was conducted by conducting an anonymous online survey using Google Forms among 500 people - 250 men and 250 women, randomly selected. The average age of the respondents was 27.8 years old.

The analysis was based on the survey results and included three key areas:

1. The level of awareness of citizens of the Russian Federation about national projects. For this, the respondents were asked the question: "How well are you aware of the national projects currently being implemented in the Russian Federation?"

2. The level of influence of the implementation of national programs on the quality and standard of living of citizens of the Russian Federation. To do this, the respondents were asked the question: "Have you used the services or benefits provided within the framework of national projects?", "Services / benefits of which programs did you use?" “What difficulties did you face while receiving services / benefits under the NP?”.

3. Priority directions for the implementation of national programs. For this, the respondents were asked the question: "What, in your opinion, should be a key priority in the implementation of national programs?"

Speaking about the level of awareness of citizens of the Russian Federation about national projects, it should be noted that about half of the respondents - 48% (240 people) know or have heard about national projects. Of these, 8% (40 people) are well informed. 31% (155 people) do not know anything about this topic, but it would be interesting for them to know a little more details. 21% (105 people) did not express any interest in this topic (Figure 01).

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Then we studied the level of influence of the implementation of national programs on the quality and standard of living of citizens of the Russian Federation. The results are shown in Figures 2-4.

Almost a third of the respondents - 29% (145 people) used the services or benefits provided within the framework of national projects (Figure 02).

Among 145 people who used the services / benefits of the national projects, the most popular were the services / benefits of the national project "Health", which were used by 109 people (75%). The services / benefits provided within the framework of the Demography national project, which were used by almost half of the respondents - 48% (70 people from those respondents who at least once used services or benefits within the framework of the national project), services or benefits within the framework of the NP.

A little more than 35% (51 people) used the NP "Education", and within the framework of the "Culture" project - 31% (45 people) (Figures 03,04).

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The implementation of national programs should pursue the goal of improving the quality and standard of living of citizens. We analyzed the real indicators that we received during the survey of those respondents who use the services / benefits provided within the framework of national programs.

The results are shown in Figure 05.

Based on the data obtained, we can conclude that the implementation of national projects has a positive effect on the standard of living of citizens. Thus, approximately 81% of respondents (117 people) who use services / benefits provided within the framework of national programs noted that their life has improved qualitatively. 18% (27 people) noted that their life had improved, but not significantly. And only almost 1% (1 person) did not notice any changes.

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It is important to emphasize the results obtained in the course of the survey of respondents to the question: "What difficulties did you encounter when receiving services / benefits within the framework of the NP?" To this question, we accepted the answers of only those respondents who at least once used the services / benefits within the framework of the NP. The results are shown in Figure 06.

Among 145 people who used the services / benefits of national projects, about 75% (108 people) identified for themselves such a difficulty as the incorrect operation of sites / portals, and almost half of the respondents - 48% (70 people) indicated a systematic overload of servers, which may indicate an insufficient level of technical equipment in the procedures for obtaining benefits or services under the NP.

7% (10 people) of respondents do not have permanent access to the Internet, and almost 10% (14 people) do not have the skills to use electronic technologies (PC, sensor technology, etc.), and therefore do not have the opportunity to obtain services or benefits under the NP remotely.

35% (51 people) of respondents faced bureaucracy, as well as difficulties associated with the paperwork. 22% (32 people) of the respondents noted the lack of detailed and understandable instructions, which also significantly complicates the procedure for obtaining benefits / services under the NP.

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Further, all respondents were asked a question about the priority areas for the implementation of national programs. The results are shown in Figure 07.

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Thus, the key areas within the framework of the implementation of national projects that are of particular importance are the availability of medical care (69%), the second most important is the support of families with children (63%). The priorities related to the national project "Education" turned out to be no less important - 59%. The importance of the accessibility of cultural sites and events for themselves was highlighted by 41% of respondents.

Conclusion

Within the framework of the national projects under study, not only financial support is provided to healthcare, education and cultural institutions, but also digitalization of the processes of teaching and upbringing of children, receiving medical care and medical services is being carried out. A great number of opportunities for researching cultural and artistic monuments is expanding, the infrastructure of institutions is actively developing; children and their parents, talented youth and honored workers of art, pensioners and disabled people, as well as other vulnerable segments of the population of the Russian Federation receive invaluable support.

According to the results of the survey, it was revealed that the implementation of national projects has a positive effect on the standard of living of citizens.

At the same time, one cannot fail to note the existing problems. Thus, the level of awareness of citizens of the Russian Federation about national projects remains rather low (Imamov, 2016, par. 7, p. 24). Only a third of the respondents used the services or benefits provided by the NP. When receiving benefits / services under the NP, they most often faced such problems as: insufficient level of technical equipment of procedures for obtaining benefits or services under the NP, as well as the inability to obtain them remotely (Sinitsyn & Malyavina, 2020). One of the key issues is the problem of bureaucracy and the lack of detailed and understandable instructions (Kostareva, 2018, par. 3, p. 40).

The key areas within the framework of the implementation of national projects that are of particular importance are the availability of medical care, support for families with children, the availability of equal opportunities in education for all, as well as the accessibility of cultural sites and events.

Thus, national projects are instruments that contribute to the implementation of the goals of the country's national development (Prokofiev, 2018, par. 9, p. 99), thanks to which clearly formulated results are achieved, namely, the quality and standard of living of citizens increase.

Acknowledgments [if any]

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