Abstract
The level of saturation of the economy with money is determined by several significant factors. In particular, it depends on the development trends of the economy, payment discipline and applicable forms of payments. In modern conditions, the money supply as a macroeconomic indicator correlates and affects the formation of supply and demand, fiscal balance and price stability. Monetary aggregates consist of elements characterized by varying degrees of liquidity and affect income, employment, products and other economic parameters. An analysis of real laws and relationships in the sphere of money supply allow us to assess the qualitative and quantitative composition of monetary aggregates that have a significant impact on the processes occurring in the real Russian sector, which, in the end, has applied interest. The article discusses the theoretical and applied aspects of the formation of the money supply, as well as the specifics of monetary aggregates in the current conditions.
Keywords: Money supplymonetary aggregatesmonetary regulation
Introduction
The volume of money supply and the structure of monetary aggregates are significant macroeconomic indicators affecting price volatility, changes in the volume of output of goods and services, as well as employment and inflation. Cash flow and their dynamics are the totality of monetary relations, which are reflected in the country's payment system, which makes it necessary to study the categories of money supply and monetary aggregates.
Problem Statement
Data on macroeconomic indicators, which reflect the parameters of money and money circulation, allow us to talk about the size of the money supply in a specific time period, as well as about changes in the volume of money supply in the country. This, in turn, makes it possible to draw conclusions about economic development trends and make adequate management decisions.
Research Questions
Money supply has an established concept. This question was developed in classical economic theory.
Due to the need to manage and control the amount of money in circulation, one of the areas of research of money and money circulation revealed the need to measure money supply. The problem of measuring money supply has determined the need to introduce the concepts of “narrow” and “broad” money aggregates, which are the “stock” of money in the economy. So, Friedman and Schwartz (1971) focused on money aggregates:
Purpose of the Study
The goal is to assess the money supply and monetary aggregates. The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects and characteristics of the money supply and monetary aggregates.
Research Methods
The economy of the Soviet period did not include monetary policy in the toolkit of monetary regulation of the economy. The market economy has made adjustments in the sphere of money and money circulation, which introduced the category of “monetary base” in a narrow and broad definition.
The monetary base in a narrow definition is formed from cash and required reserves of credit organizations in the Bank of Russia. Additionally included balances on correspondent and deposit accounts of credit organizations with the Bank of Russia and Bank of Russia bonds form a broad monetary base.
Findings
The Bank of Russia, pursuing a monetary policy, began to use monetary aggregates. At the same time, the rules for calculating and analyzing money supply and monetary aggregates according to the methodology of the Bank of Russia determine their sequence from the standpoint of decreasing liquidity, which corresponds to the banking practice of other countries (Golikova & Khokhlenkova, 2000).
As shown in Figure
![Russian monetary aggregates](https://www.europeanproceedings.com/files/data/article/10045/12543/TIES2020FA048.fig.001.jpg)
Russian practice of the formation of monetary aggregates for the period 2011–2018 shown in figure
![Dynamics of monetary aggregates in the Russian Federation, billion rubles (Official website of the Bank of Russia)](https://www.europeanproceedings.com/files/data/article/10045/12543/TIES2020FA048.fig.002.jpg)
So, according to figure
In general, the
The
The
The
Unlike the
Practice has established that the
The structure of the money supply in the national definition (monetary aggregate M2) is presented in Figure
![Money supply structure in national definition, billion rubles (Official website of the Bank of Russia)](https://www.europeanproceedings.com/files/data/article/10045/12543/TIES2020FA048.fig.003.jpg)
Figure
The liquidity of
The
In addition, the active part, which serves the economic turnover, and the passive part, which includes cash accumulations, are distinguished in the money supply. This gradation of quantitative indicators of the money supply forms such statistical indicators as “money” and “quasi-money”. The “money” aggregate is equal to the indicator
The “money” and “quasi-money” aggregates form the “broad money” (
When choosing an object of regulation, it is necessary to take into account the ability of the Central Bank to influence the monetary aggregate and monitor its dynamics. In this case, the monetary aggregate should possess some mandatory properties: dynamics close to the dynamics of the general price level, which allows influencing macroeconomic processes; be easily determined for the possibility of the Central Bank affecting the money supply in circulation; to be accessible to the understanding of economic agents in order to provide them with the opportunity to navigate when developing an economic strategy (Khokhlova & Pakholchenko, 2015; Khokholova, Kretova, Kuznetsova, & Tsaregorodtseva, 2017; Vovseenko, 2018).
The
Conclusion
In Russia, the main monetary aggregate assessing the state of the money supply and representing the object of monetary regulation is indicator
Therefore, an increase in the share of non-cash funds in the banking system has a positive effect on macroeconomic processes and allows monetary authorities to have a greater impact on their dynamics.
Thus, the money supply not only ensures the implementation of payment relations between business entities, but also is an object of regulation of economic activity. The basis of this process is the change in demand for money, the ratio between the components of the money supply, as well as the implementation of monetary policy measures by the Central Bank.
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07 December 2020
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Kretova, N. V., Ilyashevich, N. P., Kretova, A. А., & Xinshan, L. (2020). Money Supply As An Indicator Of Monetary Regulation. In A. S. Nechaev, V. I. Bunkovsky, G. M. Beregova, P. A. Lontsikh, & A. S. Bovkun (Eds.), Trends and Innovations in Economic Studies, Science on Baikal Session, vol 96. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences (pp. 368-374). European Publisher. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.48