| 1. Argumentation |
a. avoidance of contracted forms (isn’t, hasn’t, couldn’t), words of Latin and French origin |
| 2. Modality |
b. It is known that...; According to recent reports, …etc. |
| 3.Lexico-grammatical cohesion |
c. might, could, may, can, should, have to; probably, possibly, apparently, partly etc.; possible, certain, probable, undoubted, etc. |
| 4. Formality |
d. therefore, however, furthermore, moreover, in addition, although, as a result; as it was mentioned before…; as follows from the previous paragraph ... |
| 5. Objectivity |
e. the official statistics has emphasized; on the contrary, in contradiction to, etc.; appealing to, referring to, to remind, etc.; it is most important that…;despite the fact that, etc. |
| 6. Completeness |
f. all in all …, in conclusion, thus, in summary … |
