| Stage of Development |
Stage description |
Russia |
France |
| Electronization of education(mid-20th century) |
Beginning of introduction of electronic means and computer technology (computers) in specialized courses of educational programs of secondary and higher education. Creation of the first textbooks on programming. |
Development in the 50s of the 20th century of optional programming courses for secondary and higher schools with a mathematical bias.In the 60s, introduction of courses in cybernetics and programming for students of humanities - training of the first specialists. |
1948 - certain universities introduced the first courses in applied analysis.1958 - opening of the Educatel distance learning centerIn the late 60s and 70s, computer science was introduced to secondary schools, and the first experimental practices were conducted to train specialists in the field of information science. |
| Computerization of education(end of the 20th century) |
Wide dissemination of computer science and necessary technical equipment in the educational process, training and short-term retraining of teachers in the field of information science. Programming is taking a back seat, and there is a growing interest in information technology as a didactic tool in teaching process. |
1985 - introduction of compulsory computer science in all schools.By the mid-80s, teachers of computer science and other specializations with knowledge of information technologies were being trained in pedagogical universities.In the 90s, concept of informatization of education was developed, and projects were developed to create an information educational environment. |
1985 - development of the education plan “Informatics for All”, introduction of a compulsory discipline “Informatics” in schools.Early 80s - three levels of teacher training were defined depending on their role, i.e. the user, the animator (a teacher who owns and uses information technology for didactic purposes in their professional activities), and the teacher “with double competence” (which implies in-depth professional training of teachers).Introduction of new disciplines, such as “Pedagogical Application of Informatics”, etc. |
| Digitalization of education(beginning of the 21st century) |
Transition to new and more powerful information technologies and the spread of mobile personal devices. Education is being digitized, i.e. virtual educational platforms are being created for schools and universities, a unified information educational space, higher education systems, mass open online courses, multimedia digital technologies in education, etc.Transition to distance or mixed learning.Creating a legal framework for digital education.The modern teacher’s role is changing. |
Regulatory documents are being approved in the context of digitalization, such as strategies for the development of the information society, national programs and projects.The number of hours in computer science has increased, and the name and content of computer science courses in schools have changed.Universities offer a wide range of educational programs, e.g. “Information Technologies in Education” and “Pedagogy of Distance Educational Interaction”. |
Official documents have been developed, such as a plan for the use of digital technologies in schools, decrees and regulations aimed at the development of digital technologies in education.Introduction of new disciplines in schools.2000 - creation of the certificate for middle (B2i) and high school students (PIX).2019 - creation of the certificate confirming professional IT competence.New university educational programs for teacher training are gradually emerging (for example, “Digital Technologies and Research in Education”, “E-Learning and the Digital Environment”). |
