Integration factors |
Forms of association |
Production and technology |
Cooperation, rent, franchising, leasing, outsourcing, subcontracting |
Organization and management |
Cartels, syndicates and trusts, holding companies, concerns, consortiums, financial and industrial groups |
Finances |
Associations, business companies, public and state corporations |
Economic and legal regulation |
Clusters, contractual associations, unions, alliances, self-regulating organizations, special economic zones |
Education and culture |
Conferences, seminars, exhibitions, presentations |
Innovations |
Science cities, innovative clusters, techno parks, technopolises |
Globalization |
Joint ventures, transnational corporations, concessions, free economic zones |