| Manufacturing Sector |
Human Role |
Description |
Scholar |
| Standardized Output (Largely automated) Mass scale industrial manufacturing. For example Cyber Physical System, machinery and equipment. |
Low skilled workers are predicted no longer required at the fully automated shop floor production |
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(Ng, 2017; Vinh, 2017) |
| Semi-skilled workers such as technician are still required at the fully automated shop floor productions |
They may able to work together with the robot, at the same station and responsible for services, repair and maintenance. |
(Dittrich, 2016; Dworschak & Zaiser, 2014; Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler, 2016; Lewin, 2016) |
| High Skilled workers such as engineer are still required at the fully automated shop floor production |
They are responsible for the repair, maintenance and installation software. Require good problem solving and decision-making. |
(Büth et al., 2017; Dworschak & Zaiser, 2014; Gronau, Ullrich, & Teichmann, 2017; Hertle et al., 2017; Kinkel et al., 2017; Müller-Frommeyer, Aymans, Bargmann, Kauffeld, & Herrmann, 2017) |
| Customized Output (Human Touch) Customized end-user manufacturing. For example, transport, apparel, furniture, consumer electronics and beauty cosmetics industries. |
Low Skilled workers are still required at the shop floor production. |
They require learning and using the assistance system such as Augmented Reality (AR), RFID, or Decision Making database. |
(de Giorgio, Romero, Onori, & Wang, 2017; Hirsch- Kreinsen, 2016; Nelles et al., 2016; Pacaux-Lemoine et al., 2017) |
| Semi-Skilled workers such as technician are still required at the shop floor production. |
They are responsible for repair, services and maintenance (similar to mass scale industrial manufacturing). |
(Dittrich, 2016; Dworschak & Zaiser, 2014; Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler, 2016; Lewin, 2016) |
| High Skilled workers such as engineers are still required at the shop floor production. |
They are responsible for the repair, maintenance and installation software. Require good problem solving and decision-making (Similar to mass scale industrial manufacturing) |
(Büth et al., 2017; Dworschak & Zaiser, 2014; Gronau et al., 2017; Hertle et al., 2017; Kinkel et al., 2017; Müller-Frommeyer et al., 2017) |
