| Studies |
Study identification (Author, year, Title / type of publication, year / volume / number) |
Method |
Participants / Sample |
Objectives |
| E1 |
Pinho, N.G., Viegas, K., Caregnato, R.C.A. (2016). Papel do enfermeiro no período peri-operatório para prevenção da trombose venosa profunda. Rev. Sobecc; 21(1): 28-36. |
Case study with qualitative approach, using semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument |
Sample composed of 12 nurses from an inpatient unit, operating room and post-anesthetic recovery room of a trauma hospital in Porto Alegre. |
To know how nurses perform the prevention of DVT in patients undergoing surgeries in the peri-operative period; To assess the risk factors for the development of DVT identified by nurses. |
| Main conclusions |
From the content analysis of the interview results, three categories emerged: risk factors for DVT; Preventive measures of DVT and difficulties in the execution of the systematization of the peri-operative nursing assistance. The preventive measures of DVT were: anticoagulants, change of position, use of venous return boot, nursing care, pneumatic compression and physiotherapy. The preventive measure of DVT most mentioned by the nurses was the change of decubitus, emphasizing the importance in moving the patient as early as possible, according to each case. The use of the venous return boot and the compression stockings in the surgical patient, intraoperatively and postoperatively, although they are effective in preventing DVT, are not always used, since the use of these measures is conditioned Medical prescription, revealing lack of autonomy of the nurses. |
| E2 |
Vitor, S.K.S., Daou, J.P., & Góis, A.F.T. (2016). Prevenção de tromboembolismovenoso (trombose venosaprofunda e embolia pulmonar)em pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos. Diagnóstico & Tratamento; 21(2), 9-64. |
Narrative review of the literature. |
Text corpus publication from 2015 to 2016. |
Discuss the current methods of thromboprophylaxis in clinical patients, especially in cancer patients and surgical patients; To verify the importance of their adherence to health services. |
| Main conclusions |
It has been found that there are two modalities of prevention of DVT, mechanical and pharmacological methods, whose use varies according to surgery and the patient. Mechanical methods increase the velocity of venous flow of the lower limbs, reducing venous stasis, and have a fibrinolytic effect on the vascular endothelium. The mechanical method is more effective in patients with low risk or intermediate, circumstances of impossibility to use anticoagulants, or in situations of very high risk, as a reinforcement for the pharmacological means. Among these methods, there is the compression stocking and intermittent pneumatic compression. It does not benefit high-risk patients, but it reduces DVT by 65% when compared to no prophylaxis. |
| E3 |
Gusmão, G.L., Silva, L.X., & Azevedo, A.S. (2014). Assistência de enfermagem no tratamento da trombosevenosa profunda em pacientes críticos. Biologia & Saúde, 15 (4), 50-60. |
Narrative review of the literature, qualitative study with exploratory approach |
The sample consists of studies with a publication date between 2002 and 2013. |
Think on nursing care in view of the importance of the Nursing Diagnosis (NANDA) in the prevention and treatment of DVT to prevent complications in critically ill patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. |
| Main conclusions |
It was concluded that there are proven benefits of the stimulation of active and / or passive bed mobilization in the prevention of DVT in hospitalized patients. Early ambulation helps systemic circulation, improves self-esteem, autonomy, pressure ulcer prevention, and minimizes the risks of DVT development. |
| E4 |
Penha, G.S., Damiano, A.P., Carvalho, T., Lain, V., & Serafim, J.D. (2009). Early mobilization in acute stage of deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs. J. Vasc Bras, Vol. 8, 1, 77-85. |
Systematic review of the literature. |
Studies with early mobilization associated with low molecular weight heparin and compression therapy (1992-2007). |
Research in the scientific literature, especially controlled clinical trials, on the early mobilization of patients with DVT in the lower limbs in the acute phase. |
| Main conclusions |
The benefits of reducing pain and edema, improving quality of life, the therapeutic strategy of early mobilization in combination with anti-coagulation and compression of the leg in deep venous thrombosis have been demonstrated, with no greater risk of relevant outcomes, such as pulmonary embolism and death. The comparison of the evolution of patients at rest in the bed with those who were mobilized early revealed no significant difference in the appearance of pulmonary embolism. Early mobilization may contribute to the reduction of thrombus progression. Early ambulation may be a protective factor. Ambulation in combination with anti-coagulation and leg compression in patients with acute DVT leads to a more rapid regression of clinical signs and symptoms such as pain, edema, hyperemia and temperature rise. Physical exercise accentuates the endogenous fibrinolytic activity manifested as a decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor. External leg compression, coupled with the ambulation program, provides a reduction in the hydrostatic blood pressure and, consequently, decreases the symptoms and venous signals. |
| E5 |
Labarere, J., Bosson, J. L., Sevestre, M. A., Sellier, E., Richaud, C., & Legagneux, A. (2007). Intervention targeted at nurses to improve venous thromboprophylaxis. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(5), 301-308. |
Quantitative study; Randomized clinical trial;Transversal |
Patients aged 65 or over. |
To compare the efficacy of an intervention directed at physicians and nurses versus physicians in improving venous thromboprophylaxis in elderly patients. |
| Main conclusions |
It was found that a multifaceted intervention aimed at nurses as well as physicians can increase the mobilization frequency of older patients significantly to prevent venous thromboembolism, but does not alter the use of elastic stockings and prophylaxis with anticoagulants. |
