Psychological Aspects Of Well-Being And Socio-Demographic Values: Results From A European Social Survey
Table 2:
Countries | Geographic area | Optimism M(SD)1 | Age | Years of completed education | Main activity | ||||
Males (n=22003) | Females (n=26207) | Males (n=22080) | Females (n=26365) | Males (n=21961) | Females (n=26175) | Males (n=3150) | Females (n=5635) | ||
Bulgaria | E | 2.50(1.08) | 2.64(1.15) | 0,270** | 0,236** | -0,241** | -0,3** | 0,242** | 0,244** |
Czech Republic | E | 2.44(0.98) | 2.55(1.05) | 0,171** | 0,16** | -0,16** | 0,158** | 0,313* | - |
Hungary | E | 2.68(1.14) | 2.60(1.08) | 0,152** | 0,226** | -0,093** | -0,202** | - | 0,185** |
Poland | E | 2.25(0.84) | 2.32(0.90) | 0,088** | - | - | - | - | - |
Russian federation | E | 2.30(0.94) | 2.27(0.93) | 0,255** | 0,244** | -0,140** | -0,219** | 0,346** | 0,154* |
Slovakia | E | 2.42(0.90) | 2.41(0.94) | 0,162** | 0,145** | -0,150** | -0,125** | - | - |
Ukraine | E | 2.32(1.12) | 2.24(1.11) | 0,204** | 0,280** | - | -0,132** | 0,216* | 0,179* |
Denmark | N | 1.91(0.80) | 2.06(0.90) | - | 0,09* | - | - | - | - |
Estonia | N | 2.27(0.91) | 2.30(0.95) | 0,203** | 0,134** | -0,107** | -0,073** | 0,312** | 0,232* |
Finland | N | 2.10(0.82) | 2.14(0.86) | - | - | - | - | 0,325* | - |
United Kingdom | N | 2.27(0.84) | 2.28(0.88) | 0,096** | - | - | -0,095** | - | - |
Ireland | N | 2.19(0.87) | 2.14(0.84) | 0,062* | - | -0,106** | 0,120** | - | 0,266* |
Iceland | N | 2.22(0.89) | 2.11(0.85) | - | - | - | - | - | 0,241** |
Lithuania | N | 2.41(0.92) | 2.49(0.93) | 0,484** | 0,417** | -0,356** | -0,324** | 0,57** | 0,398** |
Norway | N | 2.05(0.79) | 2.15(0.86) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sweden | N | 2.04(0.76) | 2.12(0.80) | - | 0,086** | -0,081* | -0,066* | - | - |
Spain | S | 2.28(0.96) | 2.52(1.02) | - | 0,07* | - | - | - | - |
Italy | S | 2.36(1.03) | 2.59(1.07) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Portugal | S | 2.57(0.99) | 2.68(0.98) | 0,197** | 0,216** | -0,172** | -0,19** | 0,566* | - |
Slovenia | S | 2.07(0.80) | 2.17(0.92) | 0,151** | - | - | -0,122** | - | - |
Belgium | W | 2.30(0.96) | 2.44(0.97) | - | 0,071* | - | - | - | - |
Switzerland | W | 2.00(0.77) | 1.98(0.77) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Germany | W | 2.01(0.73) | 2.09(0.79) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
France | W | 2.44(1.11) | 2.54(1.10) | 0,09** | - | - | - | - | - |
Netherlands | W | 2.30(0.89) | 2.37(0.91) | - | - | -0,089** | -0,07* | - | - |