Items |
External crisis communication |
Internal crisis communication |
Crisis stages emphasis |
Acute stage |
All the three stages |
Knowledge interest |
Finding generalizable Law-like results |
Broadening the understanding of the intricacy of crisis |
Perception of management |
Managerialism, plans and checklist |
Complexity and improvising |
View of communication |
Transmission-oriented |
Sense making-oriented |
Relationship with stakeholders |
Asymmetrical |
Symmetrical |
Perception of crisis |
Unattached situation with objective, self-evident meaning |
Crisis is a social construction, a perceptual view. |