| Study (authors and year) |
Category & Characters (The elderly) |
Green/ Gardening-Relationship & Influences |
Health outcome |
| Artmann et al., (2017). |
The elderly and nursing staff. |
Gardens as a daily basis for the elderly. |
Garden served for therapies and passive recreation. |
| Clatworthy, Hinds, & Camic, (2013). |
The elderly and garden. |
Engagement with the green and gardening. |
Reduce the cost of the medicine of value-effective health to the elderly. |
| Davies, Fuller, Loram, Irvine, Sims, & Gaston, (2009). |
Retirement Homes |
Green and gardening. |
Improved diet and nutrition, decreased blood pressure, and reduced weight gain. |
| Detweiler et al., (2012). |
Connected with green and garden. |
Gardening activities. |
The therapeutic gardening activities have a positive impact on a sense of wellbeing, cognitive abilities, communication and engagement. |
| Eyler, Brownson, Bacak, & Housemann, (2003). |
The elderly and garden. |
Walking and outdoor activities. |
Reduce health problems and increase self-strength |
| Gonzalez, Hartig, Patil, Martinsen, & Kirkevold, (2010). |
They connected with green and garden. |
Gardening activities. |
Increasing an individual's life satisfaction, positive effects, vigour, psychological wellbeing, cognitive function and sense of community |
| Gonzalez, Hartig, Patil, Martinsen, & Kirkevold, (2011). |
They connected with green and garden. |
Gardening activities. |
garden as a horticultural therapy for the elderly. |
| Hassan, & Jiaqi, (2017). |
Retirement Village and garden. |
Garden and healing. |
Garden therapy. |
| Martins, & De Campos, (2019). |
Garden component and design. |
Garden and healing. |
Horticultural therapy. |
| Md. Yassin, Masram, & Suet Khim, (2018). |
Retirement Village and garden. |
Garden and healing. |
Garden therapy. |
| Mohammad., Mohd., Sh. (2016) |
Young elderly: 60-74 yearsOld elderly: 74-84 yearsMost elderly: 85 years and above |
Includes garden, courtyards, dining area, waiting room and more. |
Wellbeing: emotional, social, spiritual, economic and health. |
| Othman, & Fadzil, (2015). |
The elderly and garden. |
The visual aids and green views. |
Garden nature provides therapeutic physically and psychologically and promotes an inner sense of serenity and peacefulness. |
| Perryman, K. L., & Keller, (2009). |
The elderly and garden. |
Garden and creative art. |
Flora therapy |
| Othman, & Fadzil, (2015). |
Retirement Homes |
Green and garden. |
Social and emotional health. |
| Rappe, Kivelä, & Rita, (2006). |
They are connected with green and garden. |
The visual of the garden. |
Give relaxation and reduce stress level and improve recovery to the elderly. |
| Stigsdotter, & Grahn, (2002). |
Connected with green and garden. |
Gardening activities. |
Horticultural therapy. |
| Wen, Albert , & Von, (2018) |
Garden component and design. |
Improving the elderly well-being is through nature-based recreation such in the gardens |
Garden can create social bonding and interaction: physical & emotional. |
| Wakefield, Yeudall, Taron, Reynolds, & Skinner, A. (2007). |
Retirement Homes |
Green and gardening. |
Improved diet and nutrition, decreased blood pressure, and reduced weight gain. |
| Zhang, Chen, Sun, & Bao, (2013). |
The elderly and urban parks. |
Walking and outdoor activities. |
Green space can reduce health problems and increase self-strength. |
| Zhai & Baran, (2017). |
The elderly and urban parks. |
Design characteristic can promote walking activities. |
Promote physical activities among the elderly. |
